Golden Open Acrylics for miniature painting?

Recently, I was looking to find a easy way to do wet blending in acrylics, and found that Golden Open Acrylic is designed to have longer drying time. Great. now is the experimenting time.

Here's what I found while trying Golden Open Acrylic:

  • Open Acrylic paints are more watery than Heavy body acrylic paints.
  • Compared to other type of acrylics, they are slightly more transparent. For example, Open Cadmium Yellow is semi-opaque not opaque in the product description. But, it's still Cadmium, much much better than other miniature yellow paints in a sense that you can very evenly apply the paint in a white surface.
  • It's worth to read Golden's tech info for Open Acrylic.



So far, I've tested following paints:

  • Cadmium Yellow Medium - Very Good, somewhat transparent than oil counter part, but still good on plastic surface.
  • Cadmium Red Medium - Very Good, somewhat transparent than oil counter part, but still good on plastic surface.
  • Chromium Oxide Green - Very Good. Completely opaque, and can be spread easily.
  • Pyrrole Orange - Very Good. Bright orange, semi-opaque, but looks like can cover most even bright surface.
  • Phthalo Blue (Green Shade) - Very good. Transparent, no streak.
  • Phthalo Green (Yellow Shade) - Very good. Transparent, no streak.
  • Red Oxide - Very Good. Completely Opaque. Since Burnt Umber was disappointing, I'll probably use this for general brownish color.
  • Payne's Gray - Very good. no streak. Semi-opaque.
  • Cobalt Blue - Good. Average, it's streaky, but that's expected as I experienced similar problem on the oil counter part.
  • Hansa Yellow Light - Good. It's transparent, but tend not to leave streak with proper brush control. Since it's transparent, it's best usage is glazing or tinting, or to mix with other colors.
  • Quinacridone Magenta - Good. Transparent, tend not to leave streak with proper brush control. Can be used for glazing or a filter.
  • Titanium White - Good. no streak. Semi-opaque.
  • Burnt Umber - Bad, it's streaky, almost impossible to paint the surface evenly. Blended mixture also has this problem. Either I should use this as wash or very small amount to shade other paints.
  • Carbon Black - Good, no streak, opaque.


If you're like me, you probably own several miniature paints already. Assuming that you have basic set of miniature paints with some wash, you do not need to buy extensive number of paints. Here's my tips.

  • The main benefit to use Golden Acrylic paints is that you can achieve smooth blending fast like oil paints using wet blending technique. For other purpose, you can still use your own miniature paints and washes.
  • Since you can achieve blending using layering or glazing with miniature paints and washes, there is no point to buy transparent Golden Acrylic paints (with few exceptions).
  • There is no good opaque yellow paints (without streak) in miniature paints. This is expected. As far as I know, there is no opaque yellow pigment that is non-toxic. Hansa Yellow is transparent, and Benzimidazolone Yellow is also semi-transparent. Since there is no miniature paint vendor that disclose the pigment information, I don't know which pigment is most used in miniature paints. I can only speculate that Hansa is the choice as it is used for the alternative to Cadmium Yellow in artist industry, and it is CHEAP. As far as I know, this can be easily overcome by using Cadmium based yellow paints. If you're a miniature painter who never tried artists paint products, I highly recommend to start with Cadmium yellow. Pick Cadmium Yellow Medium.
  • For blending with red, you'll need at least one red. I recommend Cadmium Red Yellow here.
  • It's not easy to mix chromatic orange using Cadmium Yellow and Red, so select either Cadmium Orange or Pyrrole Orange. Note that Pyrrole Orange is semi-opaque.
  • For green, the only opaque pigment is Chromium Oxide, which is somewhat dull green. Select this one. It's not versatile when mixing with other colors, but as a miniature painter, you'll have a plenty of opportunity to use this without mixing such as Orcish or Goblin flesh.
  • If possible, select Phthalo Green and Phthalo Blue as well. These are transparent, so they're not a good choice for the base color, but you can mix these with other colors. These have overpowering tinting strength. Some regular canvas painters don't like overpowering pigments, but they have their own purpose. Since there is no chromatic opaque green paint and there is no opaque blue paints, you can mix these Phthalo paints with opaque Titanium white to achieve opaqueness. Due to the overpowering tinting strength, you probably need only a small amount of Phthalo paints, give more room for Titanium White which gives you the opaqueness. Also mixing all three paints gives you very good Turquoise color for verdigris effect.
  • For tinting and shade, select Titanium White and Carbon Black. These are nothing special, but better to have them as mixing regular acrylic paints changes the drying time.
  • You may want to add Open Acrylic specialized medium such as Open Thinner or Open Acrylic Gel. You can use Open Thinner instead of water which helps to keep the long drying time. If you already have acrylic retarder, perhaps this could be optional. There is good article in Golden regarding these medium; Open Thinner and Open Acrylic Gel

Of course, this may or may not be enough to cover most of the hue, but you can stick to these paints for a time being. For me, I just finish the proper blending with these colors, then apply glazing with either miniature wash paints or acrylic links if needed.

I prefer not to dilute Open Acrylic paints, just apply thinly on the surface with two or three colors, then use the same brush or another dry brush, slightly dab the border for the blending. Open Acrylic is quite thick, so for this application, you may want to slightly stiff synthetic brush rather than soft Kolinsky Sable brush.

Here's an example. I finished to paint this Warhammer 40k spacemarine's backpack in less than 5 minutes using only three paints: Cadmium Yellow Medium, Cadmium Red Medium and Burnt Umber. It is not a competition quality, but I achieved this in one single layer of wet blending thanks to the long drying time of Open acrylic paints.


When you're reading other Golden Open Acrylic review (including Golden's own tech paper), keep in mind that most of reviewers are professional canvas painters where their version of thin application usually thick application from miniature painter's point of view. When they says Golden Open Paints is not drying several hours on the canvas, you should translate that the paints will still be wet a couple of minutes on the miniature.

By the way, a word of caution. Some artists paint products have paints that contains toxic pigments. You should be careful when you're dealing with paints that has name with Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, etc. Normally, touching would be okay, but licking is not good, and inhaling the paint dust is extremely dangerous. Don't even think about airbrushing or sanding these paints.

Here are my recommended Golden Open Acrylics. First, I don't recommend any paint set, unless you intend to buy a lot of colors. Assuming you already have some range of miniature acrylic paints, you may only need handful of paints that can assist you. My recommendation list is not suitable for you if you intend to paint the miniature only with these paints. If you do, swap Phthalo Blue with Ultramarine as Ultramarine is much easier to mix with other colors. The first one is the high priority and the second one is optional.

  • Golden Open Acrylic Cadmium Yellow Medium
  • Golden Open Acrylic Cadmium Red Medium
  • Golden Open Acrylic Chromium Oxide Green
  • Golden Open Acrylic Titanium White
  • Golden Open Acrylic Carbon Black
  • Golden Open Acrylic Phthalo Blue Green shade
  • Golden Open Acrylic Phthalo Green Yellow shade

  • Golden Open Acrylic Red Oxide
  • Golden Open Acrylic Cadmium Orange or Golden Open Acrylic Pyrrole Orange
  • Golden Open Acrylic Ultramarine or Golden Open Acrylic Cobalt Blue
  • Golden Open Acrylic Hansa Yellow Light
  • Golden Open Acrylic Paynes Gray

Here are my two other posts that uses Golden Open Acrylic paints: